1,633
edits
AniDB Definition:Romanisation: Difference between revisions
m
no edit summary
mNo edit summary |
|||
| Line 5: | Line 5: | ||
== What romanised titles are for == | == What romanised titles are for == | ||
* '''Primarily''', to provide a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_%28linguistics%29 transcription] of the Japanese title that is ''aurally recognisable'' and ''readable'' by a user with little or no knowledge of the language. In using | * '''Primarily''', to provide a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_%28linguistics%29 transcription] of the Japanese title that is ''aurally recognisable'' and ''readable'' by a user with little or no knowledge of the language. In using Roman script, this is obviously targeted at speakers of European languages, however as this constitutes a majority of the population of AniDB users, this is a fair restriction. | ||
* ''Secondary'' purposes include enabling rough pronunciation of titles, providing an alternative method of searching for a | * ''Secondary'' purposes include enabling rough pronunciation of titles, providing an alternative method of searching for a Japanese title, assisting novices in reading unfamiliar words, and clarification of the reading of a particular word or phrase where it might be ambiguous. | ||
== What romanised titles aren't for == | == What romanised titles aren't for == | ||
* There is no requirement to be able to reconstruct the original title from romanised form. With [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_writing_system three distinct scripts plus | * There is no requirement to be able to reconstruct the original title from romanised form. With [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_writing_system three distinct scripts plus Roman], a wide range of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homophone homophones], and typographic intricacies such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furigana furigana] usage, this is beyond the scope of a 26 letter alphabet. In all cases the Japanese title should be presented as well, a romanised form is in no way a replacement for this. | ||
* Further more, the romanisation need not be a lossless [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transliteration transliteration] of Japanese spelling. Though less so than English, Japanese pronunciation deviates somewhat from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoneme phonemic] spelling. As the aim is to provide an aurally recognisable transcription, it is more important to better reflect the sound than exact spelling. | * Further more, the romanisation need not be a lossless [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transliteration transliteration] of Japanese spelling. Though less so than English, Japanese pronunciation deviates somewhat from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoneme phonemic] spelling. As the aim is to provide an aurally recognisable transcription, it is more important to better reflect the sound than exact spelling. | ||
* Romanised titles do not need to provide a basis for correct Japanese [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collation collation] of titles. This is a technical problem that would be better handled correctly through its own system, and would interfere with the primary purpose of the romanisation. | * Romanised titles do not need to provide a basis for correct Japanese [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collation collation] of titles. This is a technical problem that would be better handled correctly through its own system, and would interfere with the primary purpose of the romanisation. | ||
* Romanisations need not have an 'official' status. Though both the Japanese makers and international | * Romanisations need not have an 'official' status. Though both the Japanese makers and international licensees might provide a romanised title, this is irrelevant to a transcription of the Japanese title - except arguably in the case of [[{{PAGENAME}}#What to do with names and invented terms|names]]. | ||
= Hepburn romanisation = | = Hepburn romanisation = | ||
| Line 19: | Line 19: | ||
== Table of kana romanisation == | == Table of kana romanisation == | ||
Each [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mora_%28linguistics%29 mora] represented in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana kana] spelling of a Japanese word can be transcribed into | Each [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mora_%28linguistics%29 mora] represented in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana kana] spelling of a Japanese word can be transcribed into Roman letters according to the table below, with a few special cases that are listed in the following sections. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana hiragana] is on the left, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katakana katakana] is on the right. | ||
Table | Table adapted from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepburn_romanization wikipedia article on Hepburn]. Obsolete kana are shown in <font color=red>red</font>. | ||
{{:AniDB Definition: Romanisation/Table}} | {{:AniDB Definition: Romanisation/Table}} | ||
| Line 28: | Line 28: | ||
Hepburn also has a few extra rules to deal with particular cases, the ones below the AniDB house style adheres to. | Hepburn also has a few extra rules to deal with particular cases, the ones below the AniDB house style adheres to. | ||
The particle spelling rules exist to reflect modern | The particle spelling rules exist to reflect modern Japanese pronunciation, note there are other features that Hepburn does not attempt to reflect, for instance the frequent dropping of the vowel /u/ (です is only pronounced 'desu' by kids), largely because there's no easy rule that could always be applied. The 'small tsu' rules reflect the fact it used in two rather different ways, and the syllabic n case is to deal with the problem that transcription might be ambiguous in a few cases. | ||
=== Particle は as ''wa'' === | === Particle は as ''wa'' === | ||
| Line 36: | Line 36: | ||
''When used as a particle, transcribe は as 'wa' rather than 'ha''' | ''When used as a particle, transcribe は as 'wa' rather than 'ha''' | ||
* Better represents the | * Better represents the pronunciation | ||
* Common practice everywhere | * Common practice everywhere | ||
| Line 46: | Line 46: | ||
''When used as a particle, transcribe へ as 'e' rather than 'he''' | ''When used as a particle, transcribe へ as 'e' rather than 'he''' | ||
* Better represents the pronunciation | * Better represents the pronunciation | ||
* Established Hepburn rule, and | * Established Hepburn rule, and widespread usage by those who follow transcription rules strictly | ||
* Titles will save one character per へ particle | * Titles will save one character per へ particle | ||
''Always transcribe へ as 'he', even when particle'' | ''Always transcribe へ as 'he', even when particle'' | ||
* Once less rule to remember | * Once less rule to remember | ||
* Common practice | * Common practice amongst fansubbers | ||
* Some titles including the particle へ are generally called by names romanised with 'e' by fans | * Some titles including the particle へ are generally called by names romanised with 'e' by fans | ||
:{{a|1321|Kita e: ~Diamond Dust Drops~|北へ。 ～Diamond Dust Drops～}} also particularly resistant to using more sensible [[#Punctuation|punctuation]]. | :{{a|1321|Kita e: ~Diamond Dust Drops~|北へ。 ～Diamond Dust Drops～}} also particularly resistant to using more sensible [[#Punctuation|punctuation]]. | ||
| Line 63: | Line 63: | ||
''When used as a particle (you won't ever see it used in a normal word, so this means always (except when you do, as in names, or old words sometimes written in kana ... (like this? http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ちみもりを also, use the talk page, you tards))), transcribe を as 'o' rather than 'wo''' | ''When used as a particle (you won't ever see it used in a normal word, so this means always (except when you do, as in names, or old words sometimes written in kana ... (like this? http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ちみもりを also, use the talk page, you tards))), transcribe を as 'o' rather than 'wo''' | ||
* Better represents the pronunciation | * Better represents the pronunciation | ||
* Established Hepburn rule, and | * Established Hepburn rule, and widespread usage by those who follow transcription rules strictly | ||
''Always transcribe を as 'wo', even when particle'' | ''Always transcribe を as 'wo', even when particle'' | ||
* Once less rule to remember | * Once less rule to remember | ||
* Common practice | * Common practice amongst fansubbers | ||
* Many titles including the particle を are generally called by names romanised with 'wo' by fans | * Many titles including the particle を are generally called by names romanised with 'wo' by fans | ||
:{{a|21|Full Moon wo Sagashite|満月(フルムーン)をさがして}} | :{{a|21|Full Moon wo Sagashite|満月(フルムーン)をさがして}} | ||
| Line 77: | Line 77: | ||
=== っ when geminate consonant === | === っ when geminate consonant === | ||
Really a very simple rule, complicated by one particular case. When っ is indicating a stop, the easy way to show that in the | Really a very simple rule, complicated by one particular case. When っ is indicating a stop, the easy way to show that in the Roman alphabet is with a doubled consonant. However for っち/っちゃ/っちゅ/っちょ the cluster ''tch'' is a probably a better transcription than ''cch'' (which is also confused by use in Italian) - but which is used tends to come down to individual words, which makes applying a general rule very difficult. | ||
''When part of a word, transcribe っ by doubling the following consonant, except っち as 'tchi' and similar'' | ''When part of a word, transcribe っ by doubling the following consonant, except っち as 'tchi' and similar'' | ||
| Line 93: | Line 93: | ||
''Transcribe っ at the end of a word as '!', unless followed by one anyway, in which case drop'' | ''Transcribe っ at the end of a word as '!', unless followed by one anyway, in which case drop'' | ||
* The っ as | * The っ as surprise/intonation marker is broadly equivalent to an exclamation mark | ||
* !! is っ! is ! semanticly, typography isn't important for transcriptions | * !! is っ! is ! semanticly, typography isn't important for transcriptions | ||
:{{a|27|AA! Megami-sama!|ああっ女神さまっ}} | :{{a|27|AA! Megami-sama!|ああっ女神さまっ}} | ||
| Line 140: | Line 140: | ||
'''(temp rule not final)''' | '''(temp rule not final)''' | ||
Honorifics that are no standalone words are added with '-' | Honorifics that are no standalone words are added with '-' | ||
Otherwise just | Otherwise just separate them by spacing | ||
ie.:<br /> | ie.:<br /> | ||