AniDB Definition:Romanisation: Difference between revisions

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*Romanised titles do not need to provide a basis for correct Japanese [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collation collation] of titles. This is a technical problem that would be better handled correctly through its own system, and would interfere with the primary purpose of the romanisation.
*Romanised titles do not need to provide a basis for correct Japanese [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collation collation] of titles. This is a technical problem that would be better handled correctly through its own system, and would interfere with the primary purpose of the romanisation.


== Hepburn romanisation ==
= Hepburn romanisation =


The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepburn Hepburn] romanisation system was devised for a Japanese–English dictionary, published in 1867. Despite having no official status, variations of it are used for a vast majority of transcriptions, both inside and outside Japan. Unlike the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C5%8Dmaji two other main romanisation schemes], it concentrates of representing Japanese phonology rather than the underlying spelling.
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepburn Hepburn] romanisation system was devised for a Japanese–English dictionary, published in 1867. Despite having no official status, variations of it are used for a vast majority of transcriptions, both inside and outside Japan. Unlike the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C5%8Dmaji two other main romanisation schemes], it concentrates of representing Japanese phonology rather than the underlying spelling.


=== Table of kana romanisation ===
== Table of kana romanisation ==


Each [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mora_%28linguistics%29 mora] represented in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana kana] spelling of a Japanese word can be transcribed into roman letters according to the table below, with a few special cases that are listed in the following sections. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana hiragana] is on the left, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katakana katakana] is on the right.
Each [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mora_%28linguistics%29 mora] represented in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana kana] spelling of a Japanese word can be transcribed into roman letters according to the table below, with a few special cases that are listed in the following sections. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana hiragana] is on the left, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katakana katakana] is on the right.
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''Possibly add modern katakana here as well''
''Possibly add modern katakana here as well''


== Special cases ==


=== Special cases ===
Hepburn also has a few extra rules to deal with particular cases, the ones below the AniDB house style adheres to.


The particle spelling rules exist to reflect modern japanese pronunciation, note there are other features that Hepburn does not attempt to reflect, for instance the frequent dropping of the vowel /u/ (です is only pronounced 'desu' by kids), largely because there's no easy rule that could always be applied. The 'small tsu' rules reflect the fact it used in two rather different ways, and the syllabic n case is to deal with the problem that transcription might be ambiguous in a few cases.


==== Particle は as ''wa'' ====
=== Particle は as ''wa'' ===


Accepted.
[http://www.guidetojapanese.org/particles.html#part2 Intro to は by Tae Kim]
 
This rule is basically accepted by everyone, generally only ignored in error.
 
''When used as a particle, transcribe は as 'wa' rather than 'ha'''
* Better represents the pronuciation
* Common practice everywhere
 
=== Particle へ as ''e'' ===
 
[http://www.guidetojapanese.org/particles2.html#part4 Intro to へ by Tae Kim]
 
Sometimes contested, as romanisations that ignore this rule are somewhat more common. Use 'e' in preference, but if adding an anime title where 'he' is sometimes used, add that alternative as a synonym.
 
''When used as a particle, transcribe へ as 'e' rather than 'he'''
* Better represents the pronunciation
* Established Hepburn rule, and widespead usage by those who care about 'correct' transcriptions
* Titles will save one character per へ particle
 
''Always transcribe へ as 'he', even when particle''
* Once less rule to remember
* Common practice amoungst fansubberz
* Some titles including the particle へ are generally called by names romanised with 'e' by fans
:{{a2|1321|Kita He. ~Diamond Dust Drops~|北へ。 ～Diamond Dust Drops～}} also particularly resistant to using more sensible [[AniDB_Definition:_Kanji_%26_Romaji#Punctuation|punctuation]].
* There's not ''much'' difference between pronunciation of /he/ and /e/
 
=== Particle を as ''o'' ===
 
[http://www.guidetojapanese.org/particles2.html#part2 Intro to を by Tae Kim]


==== Particle へ as ''e'' ====
Often contested, many romanisations in the wild will use 'wo'. Feel free to use either, but do not make change requests that just change the particle... If adding as an anime title, include a synonym with the alternative romanisation.


Sometimes contested.
''When used as a particle, transcribe を as 'o' rather than 'wo'''
{{a2|1321|Kita He. ~Diamond Dust Drops~|北へ。 ～Diamond Dust Drops～}} also particularly resistant to using more sensible [[AniDB_Definition:_Kanji_%26_Romaji#Punctuation|punctuation]].
* Better represents the pronunciation
* Established Hepburn rule, and widespead usage by those who care about 'correct' transcriptions
* Titles will save one character per を particle


==== Particle を as ''o'' ====
''Always transcribe を as 'o', even when particle''
* Once less rule to remember
* Common practice amoungst fansubberz
* Many titles including the particle を are generally called by names romanised with 'wo' by fans
:{{a2|21|Full Moon wo Sagashite|満月(フルムーン)をさがして}}
:{{a2|336|Mimi wo Sumaseba|耳をすませば}}
:{{a2|1072|Ace wo Nerae!|エースをねらえ!}}


Often contested.
Discussion:
*[http://www.anidb.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=2056 2004.06]
*[http://www.anidb.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=2063 2004.06]
*[http://www.anidb.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=4020 2005.07] (warning: profanity) <!-- Ehehehe, kidding rows. -->


==== っ when geminate consonant ====
=== っ when geminate consonant ===


Often contested.
Often contested.
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{{a2|242|Futari Ecchi|ふたりエッチ}}
{{a2|242|Futari Ecchi|ふたりエッチ}}


==== っ when exclamation ====
=== っ when exclamation ===


Accepted?
Accepted?
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{{a2|27|Aa! Megami-sama!|ああっ女神さまっ}}
{{a2|27|Aa! Megami-sama!|ああっ女神さまっ}}


==== ん before vowels as ''n''' ====
=== ん before vowels as ''n''' ===


Accepted.
Accepted.


=== Deviations from Hepburn ===
== Deviations from Hepburn ==


These are rules in Hepburn that the AniDB house style does not follow, for reasons given.


==== Macron usage for long vowels ====
=== Macron usage for long vowels ===


Accepted.
Accepted.


==== ん before labial consonants as ''m'' ====
=== ん before labial consonants as ''m'' ===


Accepted.
Accepted.


=== Loanwords in Japanese ===
== Loanwords in Japanese ==


==== Spell in original language where possible ====
=== Spell in original language where possible ===


==== What to do with wasei eigo terms ====
=== What to do with wasei eigo terms ===


==== What to do with names and invented terms ====
=== What to do with names and invented terms ===


== Other orthography issues ==
= Other orthography issues =


== Spacing ==


=== Spacing ===


== Capitalisation ==


=== Capitalisation ===


== Punctuation ==


=== Punctuation ===


= Practical guide =


== Practical guide ==


[[Category:Guidelines]] [[Category:Definitions]]
[[Category:Guidelines]] [[Category:Definitions]]
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