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The information on this page is provided as ''guidelines'' on the use of romanised Japanese (''rōmaji'') in [[AniDB:About|AniDB]]. Please be aware that this is not an exact science, there are many viable solutions to the same problem, though when submitting [[How_to_update_or_correct_existing_entries|change requests]] on romanised titles users are expected to adhere to the 'house style' of the database. When there is contention over a particular issue, this page will provide both alternatives. External links to Wikipedia are provided throughout for ideas and terms that might be unfamiliar. | |||
== What romanised titles are for == | |||
*'''Primarily''', to provide a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_%28linguistics%29 transcription] of the Japanese title that is ''aurally recognisable'' and ''readable'' by a user with little or no knowledge of the language. In using roman script, this is obviously targeted at speakers of European languages, however as this consitutes a majority of the poulation of AniDB users, this is a fair restriction. | |||
*''Secondary'' purposes include corresponding with other transcriptions, assisting novices in reading unfamiliar words, enabling rough pronunciation of titles, providing an alternative method of searching for a japanese title, and clarification of the reading of a particular word or phrase where it might be ambiguous. | |||
== What romanised titles aren't for == | |||
*There is no requirement to be able to reconstruct the original title from romanised form. With [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_writing_system four distinct scripts], a wide range of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homophone homophones], and typographic intricacies such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furigana furigana] usage, this is beyond the scope of a 26 letter alphabet. In all cases the Japanese title should be presented as well, a romanised form is in no way a replacement for this. | |||
*Romanisation need not be a lossless [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transliteration transliteration] of Japanese spelling. Though less so than English, Japanese pronunciation deviates somewhat from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoneme phonemic] spelling. As the aim is to provide an aurally recognisable transcription, it is more important to better reflect the sound than exact spelling. | |||
*Romanised titles do not need to provide a basis for correct Japanese [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collation collation] of titles. This is a technical problem that would be better handled correctly through it's own system, and would interfere with the primary purpose of the romanisation. | |||
== Hepburn romanisation == | |||
=== Table of kana romanisation === | |||
Table below adpated from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepburn wikipedia article on Hepburn], ''probably places this page revision under GPL or summat but that shouldn't matter much''. Obsolete kana are shown in <font color=red>red</font>. | |||
{| border="0" cellspacing="2px" cellpadding="2px" width="100%" | |||
|-bgcolor="#BECFEB" valign=top align="center" | |||
!あ ''a'' ア | |||
!い ''i'' イ | |||
!う ''u'' ウ | |||
!え ''e'' エ | |||
!お ''o'' オ | |||
|bgcolor="#D4D4D4"|('''''ya''''') | |||
|bgcolor="#D4D4D4"|('''''yu''''') | |||
|bgcolor="#D4D4D4"|('''''yo''''') | |||
|- | |||
|colspan="8"| | |||
|-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center" | |||
|か ''ka'' カ | |||
|き ''ki'' キ | |||
|く ''ku'' く | |||
|け ''ke'' ケ | |||
|こ ''ko'' コ | |||
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|きゃ ''kya'' キャ | |||
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|きゅ ''kyu'' キュ | |||
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|きょ ''kyo'' キョ | |||
|-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center" | |||
|さ ''sa'' サ | |||
|し ''shi'' シ | |||
|す ''su'' ス | |||
|せ ''se'' セ | |||
|そ ''so'' ソ | |||
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|しゃ ''sha'' シャ | |||
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|しゅ ''shu'' シュ | |||
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|しょ ''sho'' ショ | |||
|-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center" | |||
|た ''ta'' タ | |||
|ち ''chi'' チ | |||
|つ ''tsu'' ツ | |||
|て ''te'' テ | |||
|と ''to'' ト | |||
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ちゃ ''cha'' チャ | |||
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ちゅ ''chu'' チュ | |||
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ちょ ''cho'' チョ | |||
|-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center" | |||
|な ''na'' ナ | |||
|に ''ni'' ニ | |||
|ぬ ''nu'' ヌ | |||
|ね ''ne'' ネ | |||
|の ''no'' ノ | |||
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|にゃ ''nya'' ニャ | |||
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|にゅ ''nyu'' ニュ | |||
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|にょ ''nyo'' ニョ | |||
|-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center" | |||
|は ''ha'' ハ | |||
|ひ ''hi'' ヒ | |||
|ふ ''fu'' フ | |||
|へ ''he'' ヘ | |||
|ほ ''ho'' ホ | |||
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ひゃ ''hya'' ヒャ | |||
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ひゅ ''hyu'' ヒュ | |||
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ひょ ''hyo'' ヒョ | |||
|-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center" | |||
|ま ''ma'' マ | |||
|み ''mi'' ミ | |||
|む ''mu'' ム | |||
|め ''me'' メ | |||
|も ''mo'' モ | |||
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|みゃ ''mya'' ミャ | |||
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|みゅ ''myu'' ミュ | |||
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|みょ ''myo'' ミョ | |||
|-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center" | |||
|や ''ya'' ヤ | |||
|bgcolor="#E9E9E9"| | |||
|ゆ ''yu'' ユ | |||
|bgcolor="#E9E9E9"| | |||
|よ ''yo'' ヨ | |||
|bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="3"| | |||
|-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center" | |||
|ら ''ra'' ラ | |||
|り ''ri'' リ | |||
|る ''ru'' ル | |||
|れ ''re'' レ | |||
|ろ ''ro'' ロ | |||
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|りゃ ''rya'' リャ | |||
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|りゅ ''ryu'' リュ | |||
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|りょ ''ryo'' リョ | |||
|-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center" | |||
|わ ''wa'' ワ | |||
|<font color=red>ゐ ''wi'' ヰ</font> | |||
|bgcolor="#E9E9E9"| | |||
|<font color=red>ゑ ''we'' ゑ</font> | |||
|を ''wo'' ヲ | |||
|bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="3"| | |||
|-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center" | |||
|bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="4"| | |||
|ん ''n'' ン | |||
|bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="3"| | |||
|- | |||
|colspan="8"| | |||
|-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center" | |||
|が ''ga'' ガ | |||
|ぎ ''gi'' ギ | |||
|ぐ ''gu'' グ | |||
|げ ''ge'' ゲ | |||
|ご ''go'' ゴ | |||
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ぎゃ ''gya'' ギャ | |||
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ぎゅ ''gyu'' ギュ | |||
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ぎょ ''gyo'' ギョ | |||
|-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center" | |||
|ざ ''za'' ザ | |||
|じ ''ji'' ジ | |||
|ず ''zu'' ズ | |||
|ぜ ''ze'' ゼ | |||
|ぞ ''zo'' ゾ | |||
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|じゃ ''ja'' ジャ | |||
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|じゅ ''ju'' ジュ | |||
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|じょ ''jo'' ジョ | |||
|-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center" | |||
|だ ''da'' ダ | |||
|ぢ ''(ji)'' ヂ | |||
|づ ''(zu)'' ヅ | |||
|で ''de'' デ | |||
|ど ''do'' ド | |||
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ぢゃ ''(ja)'' ヂャ | |||
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ぢゅ ''(ju)'' ヂュ | |||
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ぢょ ''(jo)'' ヂョ | |||
|-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center" | |||
|ば ''ba'' バ | |||
|び ''bi'' ビ | |||
|ぶ ''bu'' ブ | |||
|べ ''be'' ベ | |||
|ぼ ''bo'' ボ | |||
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|びゃ ''bya'' ビャ | |||
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|びゅ ''byu'' ビュ | |||
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|びょ ''byo'' ビョ | |||
|-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center" | |||
|ぱ ''pa'' パ | |||
|ぴ ''pi'' ピ | |||
|ぷ ''pu'' プ | |||
|ぺ ''pe'' ペ | |||
|ぽ ''po'' ポ | |||
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ぴゃ ''pya'' ピャ | |||
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ぴゅ ''pyu'' ピュ | |||
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ぴょ ''pyo'' ピョ | |||
|} | |||
''Possibly add modern katakana here as well'' | |||
=== Special cases === | |||
==== Particle は as ''wa'' ==== | |||
Accepted. | |||
==== Particle へ as ''e'' ==== | |||
Sometimes contested. | |||
==== Particle を as ''o'' ==== | |||
Often contested. | |||
==== っ when geminate consonant ==== | |||
Often contested. | |||
==== っ when exclamation ==== | |||
Accepted? | |||
=== Deviations from Hepburn === | |||
==== Macron usage for long vowels ==== | |||
Accepted. | |||
==== ん before labial consonants as 'm' ==== | |||
Accepted. | |||
== Other orthography issues == | |||
=== Spacing === | |||
=== Capitalisation === | |||
=== Punctuation === | |||
== Practical guide == | |||
[[Category:Guidelines]] [[Category:Definitions]] | [[Category:Guidelines]] [[Category:Definitions]] |
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